None of the numerous pyramid-construction theorists have far contemplated how the stone blocks could be heaved onto the sledges from the 60 cm wide trenches. Lifting the stone blocks with simple levers is not an option as it would take to long if an average of one stone block per minute is to be achieved. Consequently, the stone blocks will have to have been lifted out of the quarry with some kind of hoisting gear, which can stand in the quarry on its feet and has a rope crosshead die with a much higher static friction coefficient than the Mykerinos stone. Because, here in this real excavation site with mud and water in the ditches, and lubricants all over the place on the skids of the sledges and the planks placed beneath them, the ropes will be wet and slippery and should not slip over the head of the hoisting gear when trying to lift up a stone block. Figure 1 shows a model of the hoisting gear with a lime sand brick of size 30 x 24 x 11.5 cm (weight 15 kg), i.e. on a scale of 1:4 compared to the real stone blocks that were used.
The hoisting ropes are wrapped around a tree trunk once. This causes the sticking friction to increase so much that rope slippage around the tree trunk is unimaginable. In the process, the stone block is jammed between two beams.
Figure 1 clearly shows how the stone block is jammed between two beams. This occurs automatically when lifting the block. The jamming procedure is simple. First, the two beams are placed left and right of the stone block that is to be lifted. These are then tied together with a rope. Then the rope is grasped with a load hook which is located at the end of the hoisting ropes. If the team now pulls, the beams by the stone block will be strained and the block can be hoisted up. This assumes that the block was already detached from the underlayer with wedges. As the blocks are heavy, the hauling team will have strained the ropes before the wedges are rammed in so that the block can be easily broken off.
The sledge is then pushed underneath the stone block.
Rationalized method according to Herodotus
The hoisting gear used for breaking off and lifting up stone blocks in the quarry was also used in pyramid construction after being developed further, so that the large stone blocks could be lifted up step by step without the load having to be put down or the system of hoisting gears having to be stopped. For that purpose, the large, round trunk at the head of the quarry hoisting gear was lubricated and placed in a wooden sliding sleeve in the groove of the pyramid step as a pivot. (...)
In this way the team could not only lift up the stone block with the wooden hoisting gear but also lift it up with a rope from one step to the next. With the help of guiding rails the load could be seamlessly passed on from one hoisting gear to another hoisting gear located on the next step. The two foot ends of the quarry hoists were converted into two forks that held a log on which the load - i.e. the sledge with the stone - was hanging.
(*) Hartwig Munt (15 avril 1938 - 2 avril 2011) était un physicien diplômé qui travailla tout d'abord dans un poste de direction chez Siemens AG, entre autres dans les domaines du développement et de la production. Il a ensuite travaillé pour la grande société Deutsche Telephonwerke Berlin (DeTeWe) comme responsable qualité assurance, et enfin comme directeur.